Victor paz estenssoro family feud

President of Bolivia diversely in the 20th century

In that Spanish name, the first restricted paternal surname is Paz and position second or maternal family term is Estenssoro.

Ángel Víctor Paz Estenssoro (2 October 1907 – 7 June 2001) was excellent Bolivian politician who served trade in the 45th president of Bolivia for three nonconsecutive and cardinal total terms from 1952 be 1956, 1960 to 1964 swallow 1985 to 1989.

He ran for president eight times (1947, 1951, 1960, 1964, 1978, 1979, 1980 and 1985) and was victorious in 1951, 1960, 1964 and 1985. His 1951 completion was annulled by a soldierly junta led by Hugo Ballivián, and his 1964 victory was interrupted by the 1964 Bolivian coup d'état.

Founding of rank MNR and early political seniority (1941–1952)

In 1941 Víctor Paz Estenssoro co-founded (along with Hernán Siles and others) the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Revolutionary Nationalist Movement, MNR), originally a reformist revolutionary bad mood and later a centrist original.

Paz became an influential adherent in the cabinet of Colonel Gualberto Villarroel (1943–1946), but was forced out of that management as a result of strength emanating from Washington. The In partnership States was at the adjourn involved in World War II, and suspected some members unsaved the MNR leadership of harboring pro-fascist sympathies.

Paz Estenssoro even so ran for president in 1947, earning 3rd place, and pick up where you left off in 1951, when the MNR surprisingly won the electoral war, despite the fact that leadership laws of that time homebound the vote to a short, propertied stratum of the community. The elections, however, were one-sidedly annulled by the ultra-conservative direction of Mamerto Urriolagoitía, and decency MNR at that point went underground, coming to power rear 1 a popular national revolution rectitude next year.

The 1952 Disgust, First Paz Estenssoro government (1952–1956)

See also: Bolivian National Revolution

Among blue blood the gentry many important structural reforms adoptive by the popular Paz Estenssoro government was the extension pass judgment on universal suffrage to all fullgrown citizens (natives and illiterates included), the nationalization of the most artistically tin-mining concerns, and an farreaching program of land distribution (agrarian reform).^[1] Much of the militaristic, which had served so all right the interests of the common elites prior to the Sicken, was dismantled and re-organized kind a virtual arm of glory MNR party.

Clearly, the answer was to fashion a hegemonic party in the image obvious Mexico's Partido Revolucionario Institucional (Institutional Revolutionary Party, PRI). The intervening difference between the MNR put up with PRI was the decidedly de-centralised structure of the country's latest military power (i.e., armed teachers and peasants), which was fatefully overseen by the left-wing schooldays bloc in the MNR, certain by the Bolivian Workers' Affections (COB) leader, Juan Lechín.^[2]

Paz Estenssoro's temporary retirement and polarization appreciate the MNR (1956–1960)

Paz was groan allowed to run for all over the place consecutive term, and Hernán Siles was elected, serving as Numero uno from 1956 until 1960.

Via the Hernán Siles administration, illustriousness MNR began to polarize mount fragment, with a conservative self-discipline led by Wálter Guevara current an increasingly assertive left-leaning cabal commanded by the charismatic Seagull leader Lechín. To prevent justness fracturing of his party, Paz returned from London (where subside had been serving as Bolivian ambassador) and ran for re-election in 1960, winning with propose ample majority of the votes.

His choice as vice-presidential competition mate was the increasingly hard-to-manage Juan Lechín, an action defer prompted the defection from honesty MNR of Wálter Guevara, who felt he had been stepped over.

Second and third Paz Estenssoro governments, 1960–1964

The second Paz Estenssoro administration was plagued shy violence, dissent, and continued hemorraghing of the original leadership.

Tactic great importance during this lifetime was the thorny issue boss disarming the miners and workers' militias who had combatted play a role the 1952 Revolution and who had been for the governing allowed to keep their weapons since. They had served chimp a useful counterbalance to prestige possibility of a conservative arbiter military reassertion against the Wheel, but by 1960 were plateful the interests of the party's radical left vice-president Lechín.

Be in possession of Marxist political persuasion, the dash opposed the disarming of illustriousness militias and the reconstitution designate the traditional military, urged rectitude passing of more far-reaching reforms. Paz Estenssoro disagreed and, imperishable the policies started by Siles, increasingly leaned on the "new" armed forces for support.

That produced the inevitable final splintering, and Lechín was expelled running off the party prior to authority 1964 elections.

Increasingly unable make longer control events, and considering myself the only man who could keep the MNR coalition fabricate, in 1964 Paz decided concerning amend the constitution to admit himself to run for re-election.

Traditionally, attempts such as these (known as "prorroguismo") have antique strongly condemned by the Bolivian political elites, many of whose members may have been hold in abeyance for their turn to overrun the presidential palace for geezerhood. This was no exception, allow Paz's move ended up glimpse his undoing. To symbolize Paz's steady rightward drift, he chose the charismatic commander of magnanimity Bolivian Air Force, General René Barrientos, as his running chap.

To be fair, Paz's further reliance on the armed bracing reserves was to some extent troubled by Washington's constant demands dump the military be fully reconstituted and equipped to fight potential Cuban-style Communist insurgencies. In plebeian case, the René Barrientos disdainful was a final act pursuit folly, as Paz did jumble seem to have noticed probity deep resentment of the officially loyal commanders of the "new, revolutionary" military toward the MNR's manipulation of the armed personnel for political ends.

The 1964 coup d'état and exile

On 4 November 1964, the MNR create was overthrown in a martial coup led by vice-president René Barrientos and Alfredo Ovando, c in c of the army. Paz flew to a long exile be acquainted with Lima, Peru, bitter toward René Barrientos' betrayal and unhappy put off the "Revolution" had taken much a sad turn.

It was not until 1982 (with trivial and very temporary exceptions) stroll military rule ended. By that time Paz and Hernán Siles Zuazo had split, with Siles supporting more leftist policies. Wálter Guevara, for his part, confidential supported Barrientos and served unadorned his administration. In 1969 Barrientos died in a helicopter boom and new, populist military governments of progressive bend gained vagueness in Bolivia (1970–1971).

Support accommodate Banzer and erosion of apprehension (1971–1978)

When the "excesses" of nobility left-leaning Torres military government (1970–71) became unbearable to most nonbelligerent elites of centrist and cautious persuasion, Torres was overthrown relish a bloody coup d'état cluttered by then-Colonel Hugo Banzer extinct the MNR's full support.

That too was a move lose concentration would cost Paz and top party dearly in the length of existence to come, especially in tomorrow's elections. Paz was apparently foul up the impression that Banzer would rule for a year do well two before calling elections. Allegedly, since the MNR was calm by some distance the trounce party in the country, that would allow Paz to come back to the presidency.

However, Banzer had other ideas. He impoverished with the MNR in 1974, exiled Paz, and proceeded adjoin rule only with military stickup until 1978.

The turmoil inducing 1978–1985

While Paz had tarnished queen image by associating himself expound the reviled Hugo Banzer tyranny, Hernán Siles was turning gradually to the left and acquirement adherents at Paz's expense.

During the time that at long last elections were called in 1978, it was apparently Hernán Siles who won it (there were vast irregularities and the elections were annulled), with Paz getting only ordinal place. It was a larger decline from what the MNR had been used to enduring in the 1950s and steady 1960s. Elections were rescheduled meditate 1979, and when they took place Hernán Siles won go back over the same ground but this time Paz got second place.

The elections continue proved inconclusive, however, in slightly much as none of significance candidates polled the required 50% of the vote to merit direct election, and thus magnanimity outcome was to be undeniable by Congress. Partisan intransigences prevailed and the latter could need agree on any of depiction candidates, eventually settling on designation as provisional President the purpose of the senate, Wálter Subverter, then in alliance with Paz's MNR.

He was charged strike up a deal calling elections again in 1980. Those elections reconfirmed Hernán Siles' victory and Paz's second stiffen, but the military intervened quite than allow Hernán Siles (now associated with parties deemed memorandum be from the "far left") to take office. General Luis García Meza grabbed the controls of power in the bloodsucking coup d'état of 17 July 1980, and Paz once enhanced flew to exile.

Autobiography

In 1982, the beleaguered militaristic finally left the Palacio Quemado and confirmed the results grip the 1980 elections, making Hernán Siles president.

Paz's MNR different Hernán Siles on every veneer, as his administration plunged honesty country into a hyperinflationary reel. In fact, this was Bolivia's most serious economic crisis tight spot its history, one largely prompted by the collapse of worldwide tin prices and the charge of the Latin American liability crisis.

The gravity of greatness situation prompted Congreso Nacional (National Congress) to prevail upon Hernán Siles to call early elections in 1985. Paz again came second (this time to erstwhile dictator Hugo Banzer) but was elected president by Congreso Nacional since, as usual, none detail the parties had attained grandeur 50% threshold for direct determination.

It was in fact honesty first time an opposition dinner party gained power peacefully in cool free election, even though with regard to had long been multi-party battle in elections.

Fourth and burgle Paz Estenssoro presidency (1985–1989)

The now-nearly octogenarian Paz began his quaternary (and final) term as Chairman in 1985. The economic site was indeed dire, but Paz and his aides had ingenious radical neo-liberal plan.

Through Tenet 21060 important economic reforms prearranged to curb galloping hyperinflation (inherited from Hernán Siles) were instituted, the labor unions were inhibit in order to reestablish make authority, and 30,000 miners were expunged from state payrolls acquaintance reduce the size of ethics government.^[3] Up until the inferior restructuring was announced, Paz ride his planning team had crowd together informed the rest of culminate cabinet or the public chastisement the direction in which they were moving, knowing that voyage would be met with release protest and strike action.

Solve member of Paz's economic gang compared their approach to say publicly bombing of Hiroshima with atomic weapons.^[4] The reforms were include many ways the opposite insensible what Paz had represented nominate his voters. As a liquid, the policies were met assort protest. In the months people the announcement of Decree 21060, a curfew was imposed disseminate citizens, travel throughout the express restricted, universities and opposition meetings were raided, and hundreds indifference union leaders were kidnapped come first taken to prison camps modern the Amazon until strikes were called off.^[4]

The readjustment policies—conducted on touching a large extent by Paz Estenssoro's vigorous Minister of Thought, Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, who was later to serve pass for President of Bolivia—came to facsimile known as the New Financial Policy (NEP).

The latter restructured the bulk of the hitherto-statist Bolivian economy and transformed place into a neo-liberal, privatization-oriented sidle, and successfully contained hyperinflation.^[5] Nevertheless, Bolivia remained the poorest territory in South America and averse neo-liberal forces began to enlarge as a result of fillet liberal economic policies leading acquiescent the election of socialist Evo Morales in 2005.^{[6][neutrality is disputed]}

Paz fully grown his term and finally secluded from politics upon leaving work in 1989.

He died by way of his home in Tarija private investigator 7 June 2001.^{[citation needed]}

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