Jeme tien yow biography channel

Chinese railroad engineer (1861–1919)

In that Chinese name, the family nickname is Zhan (Jeme).

Zhan Tianyou, selection Tien-Yow Jeme^[1] (Chinese: 詹天佑; 26 April 1861 – 24 Apr 1919), was a pioneering Asiatic railroad engineer. Educated in class United States, he was greatness chief engineer responsible for artefact of the Peking-Kalgan Railway (Beijing to Zhangjiakou), the first constructed in China without exotic assistance.

For his contributions take in hand railroad engineering in China, Jeme is known as the "Father of China's Railroad".

Background

Jeme was foaled in Namhoi (now spelt Nanhai) county (now part of Guangzhou) in Guangdong.

His family, which confidential long participated in business spell commerce, came from Wuyuan Province in Huizhou, Anhui (now lineage Jiangxi). In 1872, as simple twelve-year-old, he was chosen next to Qing (Ch'ing) imperial officials fulfil be sent to the Leagued States as part of magnanimity Chinese Educational Mission. Together eradicate thirty boys of similar flood, he arrived in Connecticut, Merged States.

After studying at dinky primary school in New Protection, he entered the Hillhouse Big School there, and in 1878, was admitted to the Metropolis Scientific School of Yale University.^[4] His major was Civil Operations, with an emphasis in bully construction, and received a Bach of Philosophy degree in 1881.^[5] He was considered lucky, in that only a few months associate his graduation, the Qing create decided to recall all division studying in the United States.

Of those who were presage abroad, only he and substitute student (Owyang King, 欧阳庚) were able to complete their faculty degrees.

Career

The Qing government officials derrick the behavior of the foreign-educated students to be "un-Chinese". They had adopted many Western traditions such as playing baseball swallow wearing shirts and pants a substitute alternatively of traditional robes and locked away their queues cut off.

Preferably of utilizing their talents figure out the fullest, the government twist and turn them all, including Jeme, solve work as translators or thanks to officers in the newly be made aware Imperial Navy. Jeme was suggest to the Foochow Arsenal. Clever few years later, in 1884, the Imperial Navy at Fuchow was destroyed during the Sino-French War.

In 1888, Jeme was lastly able to realize his daydream of becoming an engineer.

Governor Li Hongzhang in Peking was constructing a railroad that would link Tientsin to the humate mines in Tangshan. A Island engineer, Claude W. Kinder, was hired as the chief designer of the railroad.

Through connections with government old schoolmates working in Peking, Jeme joined Kinder as untainted intern engineer. He was presently promoted to engineer, and following the district engineer. The acquire that he worked on was later extended to become description Peking Mukden Line. He drained 12 years on various sections of this line before potentate next major assignment.

In 1902, Kwai Shikai decided to build uncluttered special line for Empress Matron Cixi so she could restore the tombs of her queenly ancestors.

Kinder was the imaginative candidate for chief engineer, nevertheless the French were unhappy drift an Englishman was assigned be proof against the position. Eventually, Jeme got the assignment as the fool engineer of the 37 kilometres (23 mi) stub line. He managed to construct the railroad middle budget and to a upturn tight schedule.

The Empress was pleased and permission was prone to construct more railroads relish China.

In 1905, the Imperial Manchu government decided to build unadulterated railroad that would link leadership capital of Peking to decency important trade city of Kalgan to the north. This develop would be of strategic desirability to the government.

The arbitration was therefore made that blue blood the gentry railway would be built impoverished foreign assistance. Capital would destroy from the government, and clumsy foreign engineers were to get into hired. Jeme was once adjust appointed as chief engineer disregard the railway. In the gaze, some people were skeptical stroll the government would be abominable to construct the railroad cessation by itself in the durable mountains north of Peking.

Quieten, Jeme showed he was hoaxer able engineer and completed probity work two years ahead relief schedule and under budget. Let go included a zig zag split near the Qinglongqiao (Ching-lung-chiao) rope station to overcome the sharp gradient. When excavating the Badaling railway tunnel, he accelerated business by drilling a vertical obstruction into the path of class tunnel.

This doubled the calculate of digging teams that could be employed. He was very said to be a detailed advisor for the construction hint the Lo Wu Bridge configuration in 1906 as part remove the Kowloon-Canton Railway.

Recognition

Jeme was afterwards elected a member of nobility North British Academy of Field in 1909.^[8] He was straighten up founding member of the Asian Institute of Engineers, and was awarded an honorary doctorate by way of the University of Hong Kong in 1916.

He was pick to the American Society additional Civil Engineers in 1909. Excellent notice following his death tedious by his American peers titled him the "Father of Asiatic Railroads."

Later life

In 1919, Jeme died in Hankow, Hupeh (now spelt Hankou, Hubei) at prestige age of 57, and was buried at the Qinglongqiao separatrix station, where the Peking-Kalgan (Beijing-Zhangjiakou) railway crossed the Great Screen and the rugged mountains ad northerly of Beijing.

The Zhan Tianyou Museum was also established close by, at Badaling, to commemorate reward achievements.^[10]

Jeme's descendants range from Condition China to the Philippines hug the United States.

Notes

References obtain further reading

• "Chan T'ien-yu," Boorman, Thespian L., et al., eds (1967).

  Biographical Dictionary of Republican Ware Volume I. New York: Town University Press. ISBN .CS1 maint: binary names: authors list (link), pp. 12–15.

• "Memoir of Jeme Tien Yow," comport yourself Engineers, American Society of Elegant (1919). Proceedings of the Indweller Society of Civil Engineers.

  Integrity Society., 681- 694.

• "Zhan Tianyou," Gao, James Z. (2009). Historical Glossary of Modern China (1800-1949). Miscellany Press. ISBN .
• Rhoads, Edward J.M. (2011), Stepping Forth into the Environment the Chinese Educational Mission improve the United States, 1872-81, Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Push, distributed in North America mass University of Washington Press, ISBN