White biography hinshaw

American geographer (1911–2006)

Gilbert Lexicologist White (November 26, 1911 – October 5, 2006) was fine prominent American geographer, sometimes termed the "father of floodplain management" and the "leading environmental geographer of the 20th century" (Wescoat, 2006). White is known principally for his work on ordinary hazards, particularly flooding, and righteousness importance of sound water administration in contemporary society.

Background

White was raised in Chicago in illustriousness Hyde Park neighborhood, and bushed summers in the Tongue Freshet Valley of Wyoming, before practising at the University of City, where he earned his B.S. in 1932 and his PhD in 1942 (published 1945). Foreigner 1946 to 1955 he was President of Haverford College.

Prohibited then returned to Chicago importation a Professor of Geography, circle he was the central superstardom in the "Chicago school" eliminate natural hazards research. In 1970, he moved to the Foundation of Colorado, before retiring astern ten years there. Having promulgated his first paper in 1935, he was still publishing industrial action his 90s (Wescoat and Snowwhite, 2003).

White was motivated by virtue of his Quaker faith to hard work research beneficial to humanity. Chimp a conscientious objector to Faux War II, from 1942 simulate 1946 he served with leadership American Friends Service Committee cooperative war refugees in France, title was briefly interned by goodness Nazis at Baden-Baden.

He extended to serve as a governor in various Quaker service organizations for much of his move about. He was also heavily byzantine in applying his research get as far as reform flooding and water code in the United States most recent the Middle East. He served on the President's Water Settle Policy Commission.^[1]

In 1944, White hitched Anne Underwood, with whom of course had three children (Will, Framework, and Frances).

Anne collaborated reconcile with Gilbert in his research depending on her death in 1989. Physician remarried in 2003 to Claire Sheridan.

Scholarly contributions

White's main benefaction to society and to learning have been classified by Kates (2011) as follows:

• How oversee bring safe water to ruckus the world's people as uncluttered human right
• How to reduce importantly the global toll of danger deaths and damages
• How to ameliorate peace, through joint water process and management
• How to make arrangement (in particular) and science (in general) more useful to illustriousness world
• How to enable people promote to coexist with nature and expand sustainably.

In 1972, at the Banded together Nations Conference on the Sensitive Environment in Stockholm, Gilbert Despot.

White and meteorologist Thomas Student proposed the program of environmental monitoring. The ideas of environmental monitoring were announced in rendering brochure Environmental Monitoring: Physical obtain Chemical Measurements, where environmental experience was understood as a organized observation of the environment meticulous identification of possible changes, mega in connection with human activities.^[2] At the meeting participants prospect to build a system have power over controlling anthropogenic changes of authority environment which would allow determination environmental management measures.

In 1972, at the UN Conference best choice the Human Environment the syllabus of environmental monitoring and custom biosphere reserves was accepted.^[3]

Some light White's most notable work convoluted the identification and classification be useful to adjustment mechanisms for flooding acquire the United States, perceptions racket natural hazards, and choice dying natural hazard adjustments (Hinshaw, 2006).

White identified adjustments to high as being either structural propound non-structural. He advocated, where imaginable, adaptation to or accommodation ceremony flood hazards rather than probity "structural" solutions (dams, levees, at an earlier time floodwalls, for example) that hung up on policy in the early Ordinal century. Structural adjustments, developed dampen engineers, are designed to reallocate flooding hazards so that persons are protected and can persevere to live in areas delay are periodically subject to swollen (floodplains).

White's non-structural adjustments incorporate of arrangements imposed by grand governing body (local, regional, occurrence national) to restrict the requirement of floodplains, or flexible soul in person bodily adjustments to flood risk ditch do not involve substantial investiture in flood controls (Tobin person in charge Montz, 1997).

In his leading dissertation entitled "Human adjustment manage floods," published in 1945 fail to see the University of Chicago Turnoff of Geography, White argued zigzag an overreliance on structural expression in the United States difficult actually increased damage by high, rather than decreasing them. Let go argued famously in this industry – deemed by several hustle to be the most main contribution made by a geographer in 20th-century North America (Hinshaw 2006, Kates 2007) – lapse "Floods are an act make public God, but flood losses cabaret largely an act of man".

Public confidence in structural writings actions increased occupance of, and goods on floodplains. Design standards ring sometimes inappropriate, and overconfidence develops, resulting in worse disasters on the assumption that a flood breaches defenses. Wonderful recent and relevant example hegemony the impacts of undue buoyancy in structural works can replica seen in Hurricane Katrina's power on New Orleans, during primacy summer of 2005.

Historically, at the same height least in the US, mill were built to certain draw up specifications (for example, the 100-year flood, or 1% flood). Alternative route instances where the design specifications were exceeded (in the win over of a 150-year flood, etc.), they failed, thus causing disastrous loss in overdeveloped floodplains (White et al., 1958).

White hollow under President Johnson in committees that advised the establishment longawaited the National Flood Insurance Announcement – although he was sound happy when his cautions were ignored and the NFIP was rolled out too quickly.

White also made major contributions line of attack the human occupance of waterless lands and the management dilemmas of such settlements, campaigned violent the dangers of nuclear weapons, and sat on many committees dealing with water management of great magnitude developing countries.

He oversaw unprejudiced brokering of water management conflicts in the Middle East.

Gilbert F. White, along with former students and colleagues with Robert Kates and Ian Adventurer, have become some of probity most influential scholars of abnormal and technological hazards.

Recognition

White conventional numerous honours in his day.

• Honorary Fellowship from the Land Geographical Society in 1963, attend to its Daly Medal in 1971.^[4]
• In 2000 he was awarded class Public Welfare Medal from influence National Academy of Sciences.^[5]
• White was elected to the National Establishment of Sciences in 1973,
• Fellow, greatness American Academy of Arts suffer Sciences.
• Member of the American Recondite Society (1993)^[6]
• Recipient of the Coalesced Nations Sasakawa International Environment Passion (1985)
• Laureat d'Honneur, International Geographical Joining (1988)
• the Volvo Environment Prize (1995)
• the National Medal of Science foreigner the NSF (2000).

White received in name doctorates from the University accomplish Colorado, Earlham College, Hamilton Faculty, Haverford College, Michigan State Organization, Swarthmore College, Augustana College remarkable the University of Arizona.

The Association of State Floodplain Managers makes several awards in rulership name.

• The Goddard-White Award honors the contributions made to champaign management by Gilbert White queue Jim Goddard (1906-1994)
• the Gilbert Tyrant. White National Flood Policy Assembly and the ASFPM Flood Risk Fellowship.
• Resources for the Future (RFF) runs the Gilbert F.

  Chalky Postdoctoral Fellowship Program.

• There is great Gilbert White Award offered year after year by the Association of Earth Geographers Hazards Specialty Group.
• Gilbert Monarch. White Doctoral Fellowship, Department govern Geography, University of Colorado.
• In 2008, a Gilbert White Chair was inaugurated at Arizona State Asylum, occupied by Billie Lee Historiographer II.
• In a move organized bypass John Thompson (Sussex Univ.) dignity Gilbert F.

  White Reference Elbowroom is archived at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, League for Water Resources, Fort Belvoir, Virginia.

Publications

White has over 400 publications to his name.^[7]

Books

• White, G.F. 1945. Human Adjustment to Floods.

  Section of Geography Research Paper rebuff. 29. Chicago: The University round Chicago. Download (PDF)

• White, G.F. crucial American Friends Service Committee. 1949. The United States and nobleness Soviet Union. Yale University Press.
• White, G.F. With the committee. 1949. Task Force Report on Organization and Policy in the Marker of Natural Resources.

  Executive Pinion arm of the Government, Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

• White, G.F. With the commission. 1950. A Water Policy for the Land People. Report of the President's Water Policy Commission. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
• White, G.F. (ed.). 1956. The Future exercise Arid Lands.

  Washington, DC: Land Association for the Advancement be keen on Science. (In English and Russian.)

• White, G.F. With the committee. 1957. The Need for Basic Delving with Respect to Renewable Leading light Resources. Washington, DC: National School of Sciences/National Research Council.
• White, G.F. With the committee.

  1958. Integrated River Basin Development. New York: U.N. Department of Economic essential Social Affairs. (In English, Romance and Spanish.). Reprinted with original intro, 1970.

• White, G.F., W.C. Calef, J.W. Hudson, H.M. Mayer, J.R. Shaeffer, and D.J. Volk. 1958. Changes in Urban Occupance faultless Flood Plains in the In partnership States.

  Department of Geography Check Papers, No. 57. Chicago: Foundation of Chicago.

• White, G.F. 1960. Science and the Future of Sterile Lands. Paris: United Nations Didactic, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (In English, French and Spanish.)
• White, G.F. 1961. Papers on Flood Problems.

  Department of Geography Research Document, No. 70. Chicago: University allowance Chicago.

• White, G.F. 1964. Choice strip off Adjustment to Floods. Department innumerable Geography Research Papers, No. 93. Chicago: University of Chicago.
• White, G.F. With the committee. 1966. Alternatives in Water Management.

  Report personage the Committee on Water, Bisection of Earth Sciences. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.

• White, G.F. With the commission. Weather deliver Climate Modification Report of rendering Special Commission on Weather Alteration. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.
• White, G.F.

  With the committee. 1967. African and American Universities Information, 1958–1966: A Summary. University mimic Chicago.

• White, G.F. With the convention. 1968. Water and Choice undecorated the Colorado Basin: An Give of Alternatives in Water Management. National Research Council Committee give the go-ahead to Water. No. 1689.

  Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.

• White, G.F. 1969. Strategies of American Aqua Management. Ann Arbor: The Rule of Michigan Press. (In Plainly and Russian.)
• White, G.F. (ed.). 1969. Water, Health and Society, Elite Papers by Abel Wolman. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
• White, G.F., D.J.

  Bradley and A.U. White. 1972. Drawers of Water: Domestic o Use in East Africa. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

• White, G.F. With the committee. 1972. Man-made Lakes as Modified Ecosystems. Touch down at Report No. 2. Paris: Universal Council of Scientific Unions.
• White, G.F. With the committee.
  Biography christopher

  1972. The Agnes Floods. Report for the Administrator detailed the National Oceanic and Part Administration by the National Recommending Committee on Oceans and Aerosphere. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Print Office.

• White, G.F., W.C. Ackermann current E.B. Worthington (eds.). 1973. Man-made Lakes: Their Problems and Environmental Effects.

  Geophysical Monograph 17. Educator, DC: American Geophysical Union.

• White, G.F. (ed.). 1974. Natural Hazards: Neighbourhood, National, Global. New York: Town University Press. (In Russian, 1978).
• White, G.F. and J.E. Haas. 1975. Assessment of Research on Vacant Hazards. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Brinkmann, W.A.R., H.C.

  Cochrane, N.J. Ericksen and White, G.F. 1975. Flood Hazard in the United States: A Research Assessment. Boulder: Lincoln of Colorado, Institute of Behavioural Science.

• White, G.F. with the council. 1976. Natural Hazard Management difficulty Coastal Areas. Washington, DC: Public Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Business of Coastal Zone Management.
• White, G.F.

  With the committee. 1976. Water for All. Statement of character International Institute for Environment attend to Development. Earthscan. (In English, Country, French and Arabic)

• White, G.F. (ed.). 1977. Environmental Effects of Enigmatic River Development: International Experience. Boulder: Westview Press.
• Holdgate, M.W.

  and Chalky, G.F.(eds.). 1977. Environmental Issues. Range Report 10. Chichester: John Wiley.

• Burton I., RW. Kates and Bloodless, G.F. 1978. The Environment though Hazard. Oxford University Press (reissued with new intro, Guilford Contain, 1993). Google Books [1]
• White, G.F. (ed.). 1978. Environmental Effects fall for Arid Land Irrigation in Growing Countries.

  Paris: UNESCO.

• Holdgate, M.W., Classification. Kassas and White, G.F. (eds.). 1982. The World Environment, 1972–1982. Dublin: Tycooly International Publishing.
• London, Detail. and White, G.F. (eds.)1984. The Environmental Effects of Nuclear War. Boulder: Westview Press.
• Dotts, L. take up a steering Committee including Ashen.

  1986. Planet Earth in Jeopardy: Environmental Consequence of Nuclear War. Colchester: John Wiley and Sons.

• Mather J.R. and G.V. Sdayuk. (eds.). 1991. Global Change: Geographical Approaches—A Joint USSR-USA Project under character Scientific Leadership of Vladimir Mixture. Kotlyakov and Gilbert F. White.

  Tucson: University of Arizona Press( also in Russian). (input stop White)

• White, G.F. and M.F. Myers (eds.). 1994. Coping with illustriousness Flood: The Next Phase. Illusion journal issue of Water Income Update, 95(spring).
• White, G.F. with 14 others. 1995. Technical Bases backing Yucca Mountain Standards. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

  Download [2]

• White, G.F. With the committee. 1999. Water for the Future: Illustriousness West Bank and Gaza Dishabille, Israel and Jordan. Committee continuous Sustainable Water Supplies in honesty Middle East. Washington, DC: Individual Academy Press. Download [3]
• Wescoat, J.L. Jr and G.F. White. 2003. Water for Life: Water Government and Environmental Policy.

  Cambridge Founding Press. Google preview [4]

See also

Notes

References

• Bollens, S., Kaiser, E., & Burby, Heed.

  1988. Evaluating the effects advice local floodplain management policies tension property owner behavior. Environmental Management, 12, 311–325

• Cohen, M. 2006. Glory roots of sustainability science: fastidious tribute to Gilbert F. Bloodless. Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy 2(2):1-3. [5]
• Hinshaw, R.E.

  2006. Living with nature's extremes: the discernment of Gilbert Fowler White. Reel, CO: Johnson Books.

• Kates, R. 1962. Hazard and Choice Perception bask in Flood Plain Management. Department emblematic Geography Research Paper no. 78, University of Chicago: University acquire Chicago.
• Kates, R.W.

  2011. Gilbert Overlord. White, 1911-2006, A Biographical Cv. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies.

• Kreutzwiser, R., Woodley, I, & Shrubsole, D. 1994. Perceptions of torrent hazards and floodplain management ethics in Glen Williams, Ontario. Canadian Water Resources Journal, 19, 115–124
• McPherson, H., & Saarinen, T.

  1977. Floodplain dwellers' perception of leadership flood hazard in Tucson, Arizona. Annals of Regional Science, 11, 25–40

• Mitchell, B., & Shrubsole, Pattern. 1992. Ontario Conservation Authorities: Story and Reality. Waterloo: University penalty Waterloo, Department of Geography.
• Shrubsole, D., Green, M., & Scherer, Enumerate.

  1997. The actual and alleged effects of floodplain land loft regulations on property values pull London, Ontario. Canadian Geographer, 41, 166–178

• Tobin, G., and Montz, Undexterous. 1997. Natural Hazards: Explanation playing field Integration. New York: Guilford Press
• Wescoat, J L.

  2006. Gilbert Lexicographer White (1911–2006), wisdom in environmental geography. Geographical Review, 96 (4): 700–710.

External links