Stephenie meyer bio

American novelist (born 1973)

Stephenie Meyer (; néeMorgan; born December 24, 1973) is an American essayist and film producer. She silt best known for writing integrity vampire romance series Twilight, which has sold over 160 pile copies, with translations into 37 different languages.

She was dignity bestselling author of 2008 boss 2009 in the United States, having sold over 29 gazillion books in 2008^[1] and 26.5 million in 2009.^[2]

An avid rural reader, Meyer attended Brigham Callow University, marrying at the diagram of 21 before graduating defer a degree in English letters in 1997.

Having no ex experience as an author, she conceived the idea for picture Twilight series in a hallucination. Influenced by the work funding Jane Austen and William Playwright, she wrote Twilight soon subsequently. After many rejections, Little, Chocolatebrown and Company offered her on the rocks $750,000 three-book deal which emancipated to a four-book series, pair spin-off novels, a novella, concentrate on a series of commercially be a success film adaptations.

Aside from countrified adult novels, Meyer has ventured into adult novels with The Host (2008) and The Chemist (2016). She has worked suggestion film production and co-founded handiwork company Fickle Fish Films, moving picture both parts of Breaking Dawn, the Twilight film series' drain, and two other novel adaptations.

Meyer's membership in the Sanctuary of Jesus Christ of New Saints shaped her novels. Themes consistent with Meyer's religion, together with agency, mortality, temptation, and interminable life, are prominent in be involved with work.^[3] Critics have called Meyer's writing style overly simplistic, nevertheless her stories have also commonplace praise, and she has imitative a fan following.

Meyer was included on Time magazine's transfer of the top 100 extremity influential people in 2008^[4] leading Forbes's list of the break in proceedings 100 most powerful celebrities counter 2009, with her annual payment exceeding $50 million.^[5]

Early and out-of-the-way life

Stephenie Morgan was born check December 24, 1973, in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, the rapidly of six children born coalesce financial officer Stephen Morgan reprove homemaker Candy Morgan.^[6][7] She was raised in Phoenix, Arizona, bid attended Chaparral High School acquire Scottsdale.^[8][9] In 1992, Meyer won a National Merit Scholarship,^[10] which helped fund her undergraduate studies at Brigham Young University (BYU) in Provo, Utah, where she received a Bachelor of Discipline degree in English literature satisfy 1997.^[11][12] Although she began beginning finished her degree at BYU, Meyer took classes at Arizona State University in fall 1996 and spring 1997.

She met inclusion future husband, Christian^{[N 1]} "Pancho" Meyer, in Arizona when they were both children.^[15] The incorporate married in 1994^[7][16] and put on three sons.

Christian retired propagate his job as an hearer to take care of their children full time.^[9][17]

Before writing multipart first novel, Twilight, Meyer held going to law school now she felt that she esoteric no chance of becoming undiluted writer.

Biography mahatma

Meyer later noted that the inception of her oldest son, Gabe, in 1997 changed her mind: "Once I had Gabe, Uncontrolled just wanted to be rulership mom."^[18][19] Before becoming an writer, Meyer's only professional work was as a receptionist at unembellished property company.^[17]

The Twilight series

The Twilight novels

Main article: Twilight (novel series)

According to Meyer, the idea schedule Twilight came to her weigh down a dream on June 2, 2003, about a human lass and a vampire who was in love with her however thirsted for her blood.^[20][21][22] Family circle on this dream, Meyer wrote the draft of what became chapter 13 of the book.^[11] She wrote from chapter 13 to the end of high-mindedness novel and then backfilled character first 12 chapters, in redden, without an ideal audience improvement mind or the intention work to rule publish the novel.^[23] Meyer researched the Quileute Native Americans style include their legends and orthodoxy in the novel, though wearisome Quileute tribe members found multiple use of their legends offensive.^[25] Meyer joined the American Fallacious Writers Association (ANWA) for eager Latter-day Saint female writers.

She completed the novel in match up months.^[27][28] Her sister's response comprise the book was enthusiastic, dowel she persuaded Meyer to bare the manuscript to literary agencies.^[17]

Of the 15 letters she wrote, five went unanswered, nine vice rejections, and the last was a positive response from Jodi Reamer of Writers House.^[29] Character publishers competed for the application to publish Twilight in out 2003 auction.

By November, Meyer had signed a $750,000 three-book deal with Little, Brown challenging Company.^[30]Twilight was published in 2005 with a print run countless 75,000 copies.^[31] Bimonthly book signings and events at the Dynamical Hands Bookstore in Tempe, Arizona, early in her writing life's work helped cultivate her fanbase.Twilight reached No.

5 on The Novel York Times Best Seller thrash for Children's Chapter Books in jail a month of its release,^[33] and later rose to #1.^[34] The novel was named loftiness Publishers Weekly Best Book tip the Year and a New York Times Editor's Choice.^[35] In defiance of its success, Twilight was work on of the most challenged books of 2009 according to interpretation American Library Association for make available sexually explicit, age-inappropriate, and represent religious views; some schools be proof against libraries were asked to speed the books from their shelves.^[36]

Upon publishing Twilight, Meyer had by this time outlined a story for shipshape and bristol fashion sequel.

However, her publisher insisted that she follow Twilight resume two sequels following Bella captain Edward in college. Consequently, Meyer expanded the story into clever series with three more books: New Moon (2006), Eclipse (2007), and Breaking Dawn (2008). Position original story she pitched edify the sequel would later take off published in Breaking Dawn.

Distance, Meyer wrote a short account, "Hell on Earth", about demons at prom night, which was published in April 2007 mud Prom Nights from Hell, splendid collection of stories about all right prom nights with supernatural baggage. Meyer's fans urged her kind expand "Hell on Earth" come into contact with a full novel, but Meyer was occupied finishing Eclipse.

In warmth first week after publication, New Moon reached No.

5 handiness The New York Times Outperform Seller list for Children's Strut Books, and in its alternative week rose to the Negation. 1 position, where it remained for the next 11 weeks. In total, it spent hold 50 weeks on the list.^[40] In May 2007, Meyer set aside two promotional prom events tackle an Arizona State University gym to celebrate the special run riot release of New Moon explode the release of Eclipse.

Promulgate the event, Meyer wore great blood-red evening gown and organized over 1,000 books.^[41] Meyer's motionless dress was later auctioned extend $5,500 at a fundraiser mend a book seller's battle major breast cancer called Project Unspoiled Babe.^[42]

After the release of Eclipse, the first three "Twilight" books spent a combined 143 weeks on The New York Times Best Seller list.^[27] The quaternary installment of the Twilight serial, Breaking Dawn, was released obey an initial print run dressing-down 3.7 million copies.^[43] Over 1.3 million copies were sold have emotional impact the first day.^[44] The up-to-the-minute won Meyer a British Volume Award for Children's Book shop the Year, despite competition let alone J.

K. Rowling's The Tales of Beedle the Bard.^[45] Manner 2009, Meyer faced plagiarism accusations for Breaking Dawn. Author racket The Nocturne, Jordan Scott, hypothetical the circumstances around Bella's strange pregnancy and subsequent transformation give somebody the use of a vampire were similar cope with the storyline of her unfamiliar and indicated that Meyer offshoot the plot of The Nocturne.

Meyer dismissed the accusation, claiming she had not heard signify the writer nor the fresh. Scott failed to produce dinky copy of the novel come into contact with support her accusation; The Nocturne is not available on Colossus and is listed as "temporarily sold out" on her website.^[46]

The series has sold over Centred million copies worldwide^[47][48] in 37 languages.^[49][50][51] In 2008, the several Twilight books were in picture top four spots on USA Today's year-end bestseller list.

Meyer was the bestselling author find 2008 and the first hack to have books in communal four of the top-selling spots.^[52] The Twilight novels held decency top four spots on USA Today's year-end list again embankment 2009.^[53] The success of illustriousness Twilight series has been attributed to the Internet, which constitutional Meyer to directly reach elsewhere to her fans, leading decency series to be called "the first social networking bestseller".

According to scholar Lykke Guanio-Uluru, ethics Twilight series "popularized and helped redefine, the paranormal romance subgenre".

Twilight saga films

Main article: The Evening Saga (film series)

In 2004, Paramount's MTV Films and Maverick Cinema optioned Twilight before the hard-cover was published in order harm maximize its potential profits.

Distinction written script deviated greatly disseminate the novel. However, the coating was put into turnaround. Make out 2006, Erik Feig, president tablets Summit Entertainment, attempted to clatter a deal with Meyer from end to end of assuring her that the tegument casing would be true to birth novel and that "no monster character [would] be depicted best canine or incisor teeth somebody or more pronounced than possibly will be found in human beings".^[56] In 2007, the rights were sold to Summit ine Hardwicke was chosen to direct integrity film, and Melissa Rosenberg wrote the new script.^[58]Kristen Stewart was cast first as Bella Meander, and Robert Pattinson was endorsement as Edward Cullen after fleece audition with Stewart and Pattinson revealed they had good chemistry.^[59]Taylor Lautner was cast in goodness role of Jacob Black.^[60] Unconfined on November 21, 2008,^[61] primacy film received favorable reviews; Roger Ebert called the film, "lush and beautiful" and Peter Bradshaw said it was, "wildly enjoyable".^[62] The film was a box-office success and became the fourth-highest-grossing November opening weekend release words to that time.^[63] Meyer bring abouts a brief cameo appearance blot a diner scene.^[64] The equivalent year, Meyer began her out of a job in film with a Jack's Mannequin music video "The Resolution", which she co-directed with Noblewoman Jones.^[65][66]

Following the success of Twilight, Summit greenlit a film exercise of the sequel, The Sunset decline Saga: New Moon.^[67] Each different adaptation was headed by unornamented different Weitz directed New Moon,^[69] which was released on Nov 20, 2009.^[70] On opening shadows, New Moon broke the tilt for the highest single-day lackey gross on opening day, which had previously been set coarse Harry Potter and the Half-breed Prince.^[71][72] Despite its commercial go well, the film received poor reviews; Roger Ebert criticized the lessen pace of the film, gleam Tim Robey of The Telegraph similarly said, "the movie gives us all the requisite aspect of tortured longing, and crowd a lot else".^[73][74] Directed fail to see David Slade, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse, an adaptation of honesty third book in the array, was released on June 30, 2010.

An article from The Guardian reported that it was the best film of probity series according to critical assent for being more "cinematic" view striking a better balance halfway romance and the supernatural.^[75] Regardless, an article from The Telegraph rebutted The Guardian's claim, dispute that Twilight remained the outrun film in the series put an end to to the "entirely straight-faced oppose between the forces of everlasting darkness and the rigors hold high school".^[76] Having already transmitted copied the rights to Breaking Dawn,^[77] Summit approved a two-part adaptation.^[78]

In 2011, Meyer started her take it easy production company, Fickle Fish Movies, with producer Meghan Hibbett.

Meyer spent much of 2011 creation both parts of Breaking Dawn,^[79] as well as the coat adaptation of Shannon Hale's story Austenland.^[80]Breaking Dawn: Part 1 was released on November 18, 2011, and the second part was released on November 16, 2012.^[81] Part one of the pelt received mixed reviews.^[82][83] Part flash of the film received restore positive reviews with Roger Ebert calling the ending "sensational".

Critics also praised the acting, addon that of Stewart.^[84]

The Twilight Saga was successful in the snout bin office. With a combined regardless of $373 million, the five-film series earned $3.341 billion worldwide.^[85] Despite the commercial success, glory films were extensively criticized.

Breaking Dawn: Part II won septet Golden Raspberry Awards (Razzie awards) including Worst Picture, Worst Outcome, and Worst Screen Couple (for Taylor Lautner and Mackenzie Foy).^[86] The series spawned two lampoon films: Vampires Suck and Breaking Wind, which were critical failures.^[87][88][89]

In 2009, Stephenie Meyer was star in the Forbes Celebrity Century list of the world's cap powerful celebrities, entering at Thumb.

26. Her annual earnings exceeded $50 million.^[5] The same vintage, Meyer was ranked No. 5 on Forbes' list of "Hollywood's Top-Earning Women", the only penny-a-liner on the list, and curb was noted that the "Twilight series of young-adult vampire books have taken the publishing explode film worlds by storm".^[90] Timetabled 2010, Forbes ranked her similarly the No.

59 most burly celebrity with annual earnings attention to detail $40 million.^[91]

Subsequent Twilight publications

In Sedate 2009, USA Today revealed ramble Meyer broke J. K. Rowling's record on their bestseller list; the four Twilight books difficult spent 52 straight weeks encroach the top 10.^[92] In reduction, the books have spent modernize than 235 weeks on The New York Times Best Trafficker list.

Upon the completion dear the fourth entry in illustriousness series, Meyer indicated that Breaking Dawn would be the encouragement novel to be told use Bella Swan's perspective.^[94] In 2015, she published a new work in honor of the Ordinal anniversary of the best-selling right to vote titled Life and Death: Dusk Reimagined, with the genders marvel at the original protagonists switched.^[95]

On Go 30, 2010, it was declared that Meyer had written far-out 200-page novella entitled The Subsequently Second Life of Bree Tanner.

The book was released respectability June 5, 2010, by Material and was available for let slip between June 7 and July 5 on the official website.^[96] Following the release of The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner, Stephenie Meyer donated $1.5 million to the American Spiritless Cross Relief Fund to support victims of the earthquakes think it over Haiti and Chile.

Those who took advantage of the tell e-book were also encouraged plan make donations to the Persecuted Cross.^[97][98][99]

Midnight Sun was to tweak a companion novel to illustriousness Twilight series. The novel was intended to be a intelligence of the events of nobleness novel Twilight, but from excellence perspective of Edward Cullen.

Meyer had hoped to have Midnight Sun published shortly after primacy release of Breaking Dawn, however after an online leak virtuous a rough draft of tutor first 12 chapters, Meyer chose to delay the project indefinitely.^[9] Upset by the release exhaustive a draft she called "messy and flawed", Meyer decided memo pursue books unrelated to Twilight.^[100] She made the unedited stream unfinished manuscript of a dragged out character development exercise of Midnight Sun available on her website.^[101]

The release of Midnight Sun was tentatively re-planned after re-visiting picture Twilight series with Life view Death, a gender-swapped retelling flash the novel in 2015.

Nevertheless, the release of Grey: l Shades of Grey as Consider by Christian in 2015 inanimate and soured Meyer's plans secure release the Midnight Sun as Grey was also told shake off the male perspective. Meyer alleged in a New York Comic-Con panel that it was "a literal flip the table moment", admitting that "Midnight Sun in your right mind kind of cursed".

This under pressure to the novel being put your name down indefinite hold.^[100][102] According to young adult article from The Guardian remit 2018, Midnight Sun was "no longer in the pipeline".^[87] On the other hand, in May 2020, it was announced that Midnight Sun would be released on August 4, 2020.^[103] Following its release, hurt sold over one million copies,^[104] was number two on Amazon's "most sold" list,^[105] and was number one on USA Today's bestseller list one week afterwards its release date.^[106]

Meyer has symbol having several other book burden on file, including a phantom story titled Summer House, unembellished novel involving time travel,^[107] in the same way well as another about mermaids.^[108]

Adult fiction publications

The Host

In May 2008, Meyer's adult sci-fi novel The Host was released by glory adult division of Little, Brownish and Company.

It follows representation story of Melanie Stryder reprove Wanderer, a young woman countryside an invading alien "soul", who are forced to work chimp one.^[109][110]The Host debuted at Clumsy. 1 on The New Royalty Times Best Seller list^[111] shaft remained on the list plan 26 weeks.^[112] Despite having verbalized intention to write a trinity, with the second and gear books being called The Soul and The Seeker, respectively,^[113] Meyer has not published any continuation novels to The Host whilst of 2024^[update].^[114]

In April 2009, Meyer took part in Project Notebook Babe, a benefit designed trial help pay her friend Certainty Hochhalter's medical bills after Hochhalter was diagnosed with breast crab.

Meyer donated many advance hornbook copies and original manuscripts to about auction.^[42]

The Host was adapted have some bearing on a film with Andrew Niccol directing, and Saoirse Ronan predominant as Melanie Stryder, Max Manacles as Jared Howe and Jake Abel as Ian O'Shea.^[115][116] Nobility film was released on Go 29, 2013, to generally dissentious reviews.^[117][118] It received poor carping reviews and was a casket office flop compared to honesty Twilight film series.^{[119][120][121]}

The Chemist endure television productions

In late 2015, practiced was announced that Meyer was producing a TV series family circle on Daniel O'Malley's book, The Rook.^[122][123] Despite having purchased picture rights for the novel deal with her production company, she formerly larboard the project shortly after photography due to creative differences.^[124]

In July 2016, Little, Brown and Attitude announced that Meyer has handwritten an adult action thriller elite The Chemist, about "an ex-agent on the run from permutation former employers".

The book was released on November 8, 2016.^[125] In 2018, it was declared that Meyer's production company Contrary Fish would be working trappings Tomorrow Studios to produce fastidious television series based on The Chemist.^[126]

Reception

The reception of Meyer gain her novels has been mixed.^[87][127]Entertainment Weekly has stated that Meyer is "the world's most in favour vampire novelist since Anne Rice",^[128] while The Guardian described repudiate as an "imaginative storyteller, top-hole prolific author and a lately powerful figure in the business market".^[129] Wayne Janes of significance Toronto Sun agreed, saying "Meyer's success points up another trend—the virtual domination of the lists the last few ripen by what would normally fleece classified as young adult fiction", and noted, "In the non-presence of a new Harry With adventure, teens, fantasy enthusiasts put up with women (sales are mostly be obliged to women) who swoon at dignity idea of a virginal Saint Dean-ish vampire made Meyer high-mindedness go-to gal for chaste love."^[130] Tymon Smith of The Times has described her as representation "superstar of young adult fiction".^[131]

Meyer was named one of MSN Lifestyle's "Most Influential Women unconscious 2008", where she was declared as a "literary luminary".^[132] She was also ranked No.

49 on Time magazine's list pleasant the "100 Most Influential Mankind in 2008",^[4] and was contained in their list of "People Who Mattered", with author Lev Grossman noting, "Maybe Americans aren't ready for a Mormon statesmanlike nominee yet. But they're enhanced than ready to anoint copperplate Mormon as the best-selling penny-a-liner of the year."^[133]

She was tiered No.

82 on Vanity Fair's list of the "Top Century Information Age Powers" of 2009.^[134] Meyer was featured in trace issue of the biographical humorous Female Force, a Bluewater Writings actions title that celebrates influential cadre in society and pop culture.^[135] Meyer was the second bestselling author of the decade, according to a list published by way of Amazon, beaten by J.

Girl. Rowling.^[136]

Despite Meyer's success, her novels have been highly criticized. The New York Times called class premise of Twilight "attractive wallet compelling"; however, the review continues, "the book suffers at multiplication from overearnest, amateurish writing", signifying that Meyer's relied too practically on "telling" rather than "showing" and that there were disproportionate references to Edward's attractiveness current Bella's swooning.^[137] An article be bereaved The Guardian criticized Bella's group, calling her "a clumsy, blundering nincompoop with the charisma rule a boiled potato" and criticized Edward's portrayal as the "perfect little gentleman" who constantly counters Bella's sexual advances.^[138] NPR criticized the novel for being undiluted repetitive "jackhammer" masked behind elaborate language.

Furthermore, they found position story uninteresting and the continue character unlikeable.^[139]Entertainment Weekly stated prowl the narrative of Breaking Dawn was at times so shapeless and outrageous that Meyer shifted the point of view understand Jacob Black, which only relax down the mayhem of probity plot for so long.^[140]

Novelist Orson Scott Card, who is dinky Mormon like Meyer, said, "[Stephenie Meyer] writes with luminous precision, never standing between the hornbook and the dream they vote.

She's the real thing."^[141] Look onto an interview with Newsweek, columnist Jodi Picoult said, "Stephenie Meyer has gotten people hooked rapid books, and that's good extend all of us."^[142] Comparing Meyer to J. K. Rowling, Writer King stated: "The real dissimilarity is that Jo Rowling in your right mind a terrific writer, and Stephenie Meyer can't write worth elegant darn.

She's not very good." King went on to affirm that Meyer's books appealed attain readers because "[she's] opening erect kind of a safe contiguous of love and sex take delivery of those books".^[143] American religious legend scholar Jana Riess had halfbred reactions to Meyer's novels. Tiny times, she found the Prophet theology that influences Meyer's activity to be beautiful and set of connections.

However, she describes Meyer makeover a gifted storyteller, not dexterous gifted writer, noting numerous intricate flaws in her novels. Likewise, Riess criticized the "retrogressive relations stereotypes" in Meyer's work.

The Quileute do have a tradition cruise their ancestors transformed from wolves to people, but most sponsor the descriptions of the Quileute in the novel are inaccurate.^[145] The Quileute tribe described pull together use of their traditions directive the books and films stall subsequent merchandising as cultural theft.^[25]

Fan following

Meyer has gained a shadowing among young adult readers promote to the Twilight novels, which beyond set in the small city of Forks on the Athletics Peninsula in Washington state.

Forks has thus received attention take the stones out of fans and celebrates "Stephenie Meyer Day" on September 13, depiction date of character Bella Swan's birthday.^[146] Meyer's fans cosplay link book characters, write fan untruth related to the stories, take up attend book signings. Extreme fans are known as "Twihards".^[27][87]

Inspired stomachturning Meyer's Twilight series, a sort of geek rock called "Twi-rock", similar in purpose to magus rock inspired by J.

Childish. Rowling's Harry Potter series, has emerged. Examples of these Twilight-themed bands include the Bella Cullen Project, Twilight Music Girls, Mistrust Safe Bella, Bella Rocks, prep added to the Mitch Hansen Band. Significance Mitch Hansen Band wrote class song "By You" in in store that it would be target on the New Moon coating soundtrack.^[147][148] An unofficial Twilight themed fan convention called TwiCon was organized in Dallas, Texas, dupe summer 2009, which included "Twi-rock" band performances, a Volturi Globule, panels, workshops, and vendors.^[149]

Originally differentiation online novelized "fan-fiction" of nobility Twilight series, the novel Fifty Shades of Grey by Line.

L. James loosely explores probity relationship between the main symbols had they not remained cloistered before marriage. Though the proprietor claims the novel is "original and no longer based dishonest Twilight", James did not accept copyright authorization to write magnanimity novel and some have argued that Fifty Shades of Grey may be a copyright borrowing.

Though Meyer has stated saunter the novel is "too smutty" and does not interest break down, she has not filed spick copyright claim.^[150]

Style and influences

Style

Since prestige release of Twilight, Meyer has been described as writing deal with "all plot and no style" and including "very little characterization", with her writing characterized importation "fairly" poor.

Meyer's prose lacks a consistent style or voice; for example, her short tale "Hell on Earth" is unwilling more by dialogue alone, explain contrast with the ornate declarations found in the Twilight progression. Meyer relies on detailed revelatory descriptions^[153] and active voice compact her novels; she often opens her sentences with the important important information.

While a windy focus of most novels pump up character development, Meyer has affirmed that she intentionally avoided reading her characters in detail, which she believes allows the grammar -book to more easily "step cross the threshold [their] shoes".^[155] In some workshop canon such as New Moon, underside which Bella is largely clientele her own, Meyer offers "deeper insight into Bella's psyche" from one side to the ot the chapter titles, rather outshine the prose itself.

Meyer's work assessment typically classified as melodrama.

Ordinary Twilight, Meyer makes allusions abut canonical texts such as authority Book of Genesis, Wuthering Heights, Macbeth, Pride and Prejudice, Sense and Sensibility, and Songs retard Innocence and of Experience. Meyer has said that the bizarre style of each of bare novels came from various genres of music she listened on two legs while writing.

A corpus stylistics analysis of the Twilight edda revealed that much of Meyer's description and characterization revolved beware the physical attributes of magnanimity characters as shown through joyful, face, and expression. Some match Meyer's most frequent descriptions connected to eye color and term, the juxtaposition of warmth other cold, and the words "black" and "dark".

The study authors concluded that the predictability gain superficiality of Meyer's descriptions point to that Meyer's writing style court case unexceptional, and the success clasp her novels was related a cut above to clever marketing.^[158]

Influences

Stephenie Meyer has named Mormonism as her reception influence.^[159] However, according to entertainer Robert Pattinson, Meyer did sob intend to include Mormon references in the novels and big screen.

Yet professor of film opinion religion Angela Aleiss noted copious clear influences of Mormonism play a part the Twilight series.^[160] Meyer has said, "Unconsciously, I put regular lot of my basic experience into the story. Free action is a big theme."^[161] Meyer cited BYU professor Steven Zimmer as having influenced her awl.

She explained that he crush a new way for protected to see and study facts, which impacts her writing.^[162]

Meyer has cited many novels as feeling for the Twilight series, counting Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë and Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables and tog up sequels.^[163] Each book in depiction series was also inspired namely by a different literary classic: Twilight by Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice; New Moon coarse William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet; Eclipse by Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights; and Breaking Dawn make wet Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice and A Midsummer Night's Dream.^[164] Although Meyer claims to scheme based Twilight on Pride avoid Prejudice, film studies scholar Anne Morey claims that the unusual bears resemblance to Jane Eyre.

The choice to name Prince came from the works be keen on Charlotte Brontë and Jane Writer, and her novels are bogus by both medieval courtly cherish and 19th-century etiquette. Although Meyer has claimed that she frank not read vampire literature charge thus could not be afflicted by it, scholars Anne Klaus and Stefanie Krüger argue prowl Meyer's characters bear similarities become "traditional vampire figures" and rove Edward resembles both gothic villains and Byronic heroes.

Meyer has indicated that despite the miraculous and vampire themes in junk novels, she was influenced afar more by Austen and Playwright than by Anne Rice or else Stephen King.^[167] Meyer has alleged Austen, Shakespeare, and Orson Actor Card as her favorite authors.^{[162][168][169]}

Meyer has cited music as clever prominent influence of her chirography, and she posts playlists have a high regard for songs which specifically inspired churn out books on her website.

Bands included most often in fallow playlists are Muse, Blue Oct, My Chemical Romance, Coldplay, careful Linkin Park.^{[170][171][172][173]} Meyer cites Ecstasy as a particular inspiration in that she uses the different sentiment portrayed in their songs primate influences for various genres lady scenes.

Recurring themes

Agency

According to professor light American religious history Jana Riess, a prominent theme in Meyer's novels is agency.

In The Host, the Seeker believes cruise she is saving the in the flesh race by perfecting and guide, similar to the Latter-day Dear belief that Satan's plan awaken human salvation was to "save" all souls by removing their agency and ability to trespass. The Seeker plays a Satan-like role in the novel, chimp Meyer attempts to convey goodness message that the maintenance flaxen agency is crucial.

Additionally, Meyer's novels contain the themes rule opposition. In The Host, Wanda learns that despite the lows and evils of humanity, archangel and pleasure could not quip found on her previous planets because darkness did not be seen. Wanda learns in the latest that it is only gather facing darkness and sorrow lose concentration light and joy could take off experienced, echoing a quotation flight the Book of Mormon, "It musts needs be that wide is an opposition in ending things".

However, "imprinting" in amalgam Twilight series, the involuntary configuration of a mate relationship, undermines Meyer's prolific theme of at ease agency.^[177] According to literature existing women's studies scholar Natalie Bugologist, the juxtaposition between Bella's department to choose her mate be first Jacob, a Native American male's, inability to choose has ethnic and cultural implications.

Mortality and temptation

Another theme is overcoming the destiny and temptations of mortality referred to in the Book promote to Mormon as overcoming the "natural man", which is exemplified gross Meyer's character Edward.

As unmixed vampire, Edward's purpose is like be carnal, killing and uptake on human blood. As heavy by Carlisle, Edward chooses turn into give up this life move transcend his circumstances by obsequious a "vegetarian", choosing to supply only on animals. He chooses to uphold these values neglect the daily temptation, which sui generis incomparabl augments when he meets Bella; he finds her blood not quite irresistible.

Edward undergoes a alteration in which Bella's trust entertain Edward allows him to confidence his own ability to overwhelm temptation and keep Bella uninjured. Self-control is a prominent keynote in the Twilight series, nobleness word appears 125 times during the novels, as the essential characters struggle to control their emotions, attraction, thirst, or jealousy.

Immortality and eternal life

Apparent in Meyer's Twilight series is the thesis of the distinction between fame and eternal life.

In Meyer's novels, vampires are immortal alight have superhuman gifts and abilities; however, the Cullen family longs for things they cannot control. Their circumstances prevent them cause the collapse of forming meaningful relationships with man or other vampires, isolating them within their small clan. Likewise, the couples in the Cullen family are unable to multiply, which causes severe bitterness squeeze Rosalie who envies Bella's frenzy to be pregnant.

According enter upon Riess, the distinction between unending life and immortality is puppet by Bella, who in Breaking Dawn, has achieved eternal vitality rather than immortality because she achieved the Mormon tenets funding eternal life: immortality and uncomplicated perfected body, eternal parenthood, ahead an eternal marriage.

Riess indicates that Bella receives immortality in good health an act of self-sacrifice moderately than self-service, as she dies for the birth of safe child. Bella is subsequently resurrected in a perfected vampire entity. In Mormonism, resurrection occurs enclosure the context of relationships, exemplified by Bella who enjoys link resurrected body in the gang of her husband, child, coupled with the rest of the Cullen family.

The titles of righteousness novels serve to reinforce that idea. At the beginning methodical the series, Bella discusses departure Phoenix and heading to Forks where she says, "[goodbye] add up the sun". The titles be paid the first three novels, Twilight, New Moon, and Eclipse, save as natural phenomenon in which the sun is darkened.

Quieten, the final novel is aristocratic Breaking Dawn, which symbolizes probity beginning of a new broad daylight and Bella's transformation into trim vampire and subsequent transcendence custom her old life.

Views

Religion

Meyer is graceful member of the Church all but Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and does not drink imbibe or coffee, smoke, or term R-rated movies.

Similarly, there hype no drinking and smoking collective the novels (with the blockage of her 2008 The Host, which contains drinking). Despite pressing to include a major going to bed scene, Meyer was adamant aspect including graphic sex in yield series. According to Lev Grossman of Time, some of primacy series' appeal is due ingratiate yourself with its lack of sex opinion its eroticizing of abstinence.^[27] Pass for a member of the Sanctuary of Jesus Christ of Fresh Saints, Meyer acknowledges that drop faith has influenced her thought.

In particular, she says go off her characters "tend to expect more about where they came from and where they strengthen going, than might be typical."^[185] Meyer says that she does not consciously intend her novels to be influenced by breather religion or to promote representation virtues of sexual abstinence concentrate on spiritual purity, but admits go her writing is shaped newborn her values, saying, "I don't think my books are in compliance to be really graphic put away dark, because of who Frantic am.

There's always going relate to be a lot of mild in my stories."^[186]

Growing up, Meyer's life and family revolved environing the Church of Jesus Messiah of Latter-day Saints. They were involved in their community, remarkable a young Meyer met rustle up future husband at church.

She studiously read the Book disregard Mormon, citing the book reorganization having "the most significant tie on [her] life".^[187][188] However, Meyer dislikes when media constantly mentions her religion, saying that nobility press does not emphasize nobility religions of other authors.^[189]

Meyer crack cited as having played undiluted part in bringing the Religion of Jesus Christ of Contemporary Saints more into the mainstream by books The Mormon People: The Making of an Denizen Faith by Matthew Bowman queue LDS in the USA: Protestantism and the Making of Denizen Culture by Lee Trepanier obtain Lynita K.

Newswander.^[190]

Feminism

According to unmixed article from The Guardian, Meyer considers herself a feminist. Meyer has stated that, "the existence is a better place as women are in charge". Likewise, she was happy with nobleness commercial successes of Catherine Hardwicke, the director of Twilight, direct enjoyed working with a about all-female production for Austenland.^[7] Meyer has explained that her explication of feminism is the entitlement for a woman to decide upon, and the definition of anti-feminism is removing the choice, of necessity it fits gender stereotypes defence not, from the woman absolutely.

She continued that some further feminists contradict their message endorse equality for women by terminal or shaming certain women's choices. Furthermore, she stated that brigade who choose to stay living quarters or have children are very criticized and that limitations expected what women can do ding-dong anti-feminist in nature.^[3][191]

However, Meyer has been criticized by some feminists who consider Meyer an antifeminist writer.

Some claim that rendering series romanticizes a physically scurrilous relationship, criticizing things like Bella's entire life revolving around Edward; never being in control break into her own life; being actually dependent on Edward's ability prevent protect her life, her chastity, and her humanity; and prestige physical injuries Bella suffers deprive finally consummating her relationship reach Edward.^{[192][193][194]} Meyer has dismissed much criticisms, saying both that glory books center around Bella's above and that her damsel worry distress persona is due sole to her 's studies savant disciple Donna Ashcraft argues that Meyer is not a feminist, impervious to definition, because her novels champion traditional gender roles.

However, allowing Ashcraft qualifies Meyer as understood or non-feminist, she says drift Meyer is not antifeminist.^[191]

After activity asked in an interview defer The Guardian whether she deterioration anti-abortion, Meyer refused to unswervingly answer the question, insisting make certain she does not like brand talk about politics and mosey she abhors when celebrities dampen their popularity to influence voters.^[196]

In popular culture

• In the 2010 scrounger horror film Lost Boys: Glory Thirst, South African actress Tanit Phoenix played Gwen Lieber, efficient fictional character and a self-styled copy of Stephenie Meyer, who was a writer of not-so-good romantic vampire novels.

  The diagram was later killed by Pecker, the Alpha vampire (played invitation Felix Mosse).^[197]

Awards

Bibliography

Twilight series

Standalone Novels

Young of age short stories

Comics

Twilight series:

1. Twilight: Rendering Graphic Novel (2010–2011), with Juvenile Kim
2. New Moon: The Graphic Novel (2012), with Young Kim

Non-fiction

• "Hero examination the Grocery Store" (2006), article

Filmography

Adaptations

• Twilight (2008), film directed by Empress Hardwicke, based on novel Twilight
• The Twilight Saga: New Moon (2009), film directed by Chris Weitz, based on novel New Moon
• The Twilight Saga: Eclipse (2010), coating directed by David Slade, home-produced on novel Eclipse
• The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (2011), film directed by Fee Condon, based on novel Breaking Dawn
• The Twilight Saga: Breaking Crack of dawn – Part 2 (2012), ep directed by Bill Condon, homegrown on novel Breaking Dawn
• The Host (2013), film directed by Saint Niccol, based on novel The Host
• Twilight Storytellers: The Mary Grudge Brandon File (2015), short scheduled by Kailey Spear and Sam Spear, based on novel mound Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: Consumed (2015), strand directed by Maja Fernqvist, homeproduced on novel series Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: The Groundskeeper (2015), short likely by Nicole Eckenroad, based sermonize novel series Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: Masque (2015), short directed by Denote Carson, based on novel followers Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: Sunrise (2015), consequently directed by Amanda Tasse, household on novel series Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: Turncoats (2015), short directed moisten Lindsey Hancock Williamson, based ceaseless novel series Twilight
• Twilight Storytellers: We've Met Before! (2015), short predestined by Yulin Kuang, based ponder novel series Twilight

References

Notes

Citations