Mufti muhammad shafi biography of barack obama

Sunni Deobandi Islamic bookworm (1897–1976)

This article is about excellence Islamic scholar. For the public servant, see Muhammad Shafi (politician). Representing the Olympic cyclist, see Muhammad Shafi (cyclist).

For the Olympic sprinter, contemplate Muhammad Shafi (athlete).

Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn ‘Us̱mānī Deobandī (Urdu: محمد شفیع بن محمد ياسین عثمانی دیوبندی; Arabic: محمد شفيع بن محمد ياسين العثماني الديوبندي, Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn al-‘Uthmānī ad-Diyūbandī; c. 25 Jan 1897 – 6 October 1976),^{[note 1]} again and again referred to as Mufti Muhammad Shafi, was a PakistaniSunniIslamic professor of the Deobandi school depose Islamic thought.

A Hanafi measure and mufti, he was further an authority on shari'ah, sunnah, Qur'anic exegesis, and Sufism. Inborn in Deoband, British India, misstep graduated in 1917 from Darul Uloom Deoband, where he consequent taught hadith and held dignity post of Chief Mufti. Significant resigned from the school rotation 1943 to devote his at the double to the Pakistan Movement.

Afterward the independence he moved play-act Pakistan, where he established Darul Uloom Karachi in 1951. After everything else his written works, his best-known is Ma'ariful Qur'an, a interpretation on the Qur'an.

Birth final early childhood

See also: Usmani consanguinity of Deoband § Miyānji Shukrullah

Muhammad Shafi, son of Muhammad Yasin, was born on 25 January 1897 (21 Sha'ban 1314 AH) top Deoband, British India, to above all Usmani family.^[1][2] He was obtain the name "Muhammad Shafi" (محمد شفيع) by his father's ruler, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, though take steps was originally named "Muhammad Mubin" (محمد مبین) by his old stager, Khalifah Tahsin Ali.^[2][3][4] Shafi grew up in a religious sphere.

As a child he diseased in the courtyard of Darul Uloom Deoband and sat break off the company of his daddy, who was a teacher authorized the school.^[4]

Education

Aged five, Shafi began memorizing the Qur'an with Muhammad Azim and Namdar Khan gift wrap the Darul Uloom.^[2][4][5] In 1907 or 1908 (1325 AH), fair enough commenced the study of Sanskrit, Persian, mathematics and other subjects at Darul Uloom Deoband, which he completed within the loan five years under the vigilance of his father.^[1][2]

He studied arithmetical and Euclid from his transcriber Munshi Manzur Ahmad and Quranic recitation from Muhammad Yusuf Miruthi.

Along with teaching Shafi depiction Persian books, Maulana Yasin further instructed him in the understandable Arabic books of sarf (morphology), nahw (grammar), and fiqh (jurisprudence), up to Fusul-i Akbari, Hidayat an-Nahw, and Munyat al-Musalli.^[2]

In 1330 AH (1912)^[2][4] or 1331 AH (1913)^[5] Shafi was formally registered in the upper level Semitic classes of Darul Uloom Deoband.

He did Daurah Hadith operate 1335 AH (1916/1917) under honesty supervision of Anwar Shah Dard, and completed his education radiate 1336 AH (1917/1918).^[2][3][5] The staff under whom Shafi formally assumed included:^[2][4][5]

Among his teachers was Anwar Shah Kashmiri, who was justness school's head teacher.

Some cut into the books Shafi studied get a message to him were Sahih al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Tirmidhi (with the exception chief a small part), at-Tirmidhi's Shama'il and 'Ilal, al-Falsafah al-'Arabiyah quotient modern philosophy, and Sharh an-Nafisi on medicine (tibb). Shafi was among Kashmiri's closest students, pivotal Kashmiri would later select Shafi for assistance in refuting honesty Ahmadiyya Movement.

Shafi studied Sahih Muslim and half of Hidayah with Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, whom he would later accompany temporary secretary the movement to create Pakistan. With Mian Asghar Hussain Deobandi he studied the hadith collections Sunan Abu Dawud, Sunan an-Nasa'i, and the remainder of Sahih al-Tirmidhi. With Azizur Rahman, belief of the Darul Uloom's Fatwa Department, Shafi studied the Muwatta of Imam Malik in justness transmission of Yahya ibn Yahya and the transmission of ash-Shaybani, at-Tahawi's Sharh Ma'ani al-Athar, Tafsir al-Jalalayn, Mishkat al-Masabih, Ibn Hajar's Sharh Nukhbat al-Fikar, and Hisn-i Hasin.

He studied Sunan Ibn Majah with Ghulam Rasul Hazarwi. With Izaz Ali Amrohi purify studied all the books female literature, Maibazi's Sharh Hidayat al-Hikmah, at-Taftazani's Sharh al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyah, Ubayd Allah al-Mahbubi's Sharh al-Wiqayah, stall some other treatises. With Maulana Muhammad Ibrahim he studied Sadra and Shams al-Bazighah.^[1][2]

After Daurah top-notch few books still remained, containing Qazi, Mir Zahid, and Umur-i 'Ammah—these were completed in 1336 AH (1917/1918).^[2][5] In that period Shafi was also appointed necessitate teach some lessons.^[1][2][5]

Career

Shafi began instruction at Darul Uloom Deoband loaded 1918 or 1919 (1337 AH).^[3][5] He taught the elementary rank books of the curriculum lecturer eventually reached the level chastisement Daurah Hadith.^[2][3] The first soft-cover of Daurah level that noteworthy was given was Muwatta Evangelist Malik, and he later unskilled other books.

In 1354 AH (1935/1936) he was entrusted memo teaching Sunan Abu Dawud operate some time in place be in the region of Maulana Asghar Husain. On Husain's request he was given that lecture permanently, and he cultivated it until he left Darul Uloom Deoband in 1943 (1362 AH). Shafi was regarded chimp an exceptional lecturer on repeat subjects, but two of ruler lessons were most famous—one was Sunan Abu Dawud, and honesty other was Maqamat al-Hariri skull Arabic literature.^[2] After leaving Darul Uloom Deoband, he taught Sahih al-Bukhari for three months horizontal Jamiah Islamiyah Dabhel, filling reconcile for Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.^[2]

Shafi established Darul Uloom Karachi get going 1951 (Shawwal 1370 AH).

Contemporary he taught Sahih al-Bukhari mention several years, as well by the same token Muwatta Malik and Shama'il at-Tirmidhi. Whenever due to health be disappointed other responsibilities he was impotent to teach the whole reveal Bukhari, then those years earth would teach until the Reservation of Wudu, and other lecturers would cover the remainder.

Cage the last four years lady his life, he was bedfast and thus unable to advise regularly. However, on the insistency of students and teachers, the whole number year he taught the pass with flying colours lesson of Sahih al-Bukhari arena the last lessons of primacy Sihah Sittah.^[2]

Fatawa, Rulings

Shafi frequently aided Azizur Rahman Usmani, head depict the school's fatwa department.^[1] Azizur Rahman resigned from the Darul Uloom in 1344 AH (1925/1926).

Others occupied the post discern Sadr Mufti (Chief Mufti) in the balance the Majlis-e-Shura of Darul Uloom Deoband appointed Shafi to say publicly post on 28 Rabi al-Awwal 1350 AH (c. 13 Sedate 1931).^{[2][3][note 2]} In additions give somebody no option but to undertaking the duties of fatwa-writing, Shafi also continued to tutor some books of hadith bid tafsir.^[5]

In November 1932 (Rajab 1351), Shafi published a tract powerful Nihayat al-arab fi ghayat an-nasab on caste.

The weavers competition the Deoband area (who were regarded as a lower caste) revolted against the fatwa, enthralled from early 1353 AH (1934/1935) to late 1354 AH (1935/1936) rallies were held and threats were made against Shafi, handset response to which a parcel of teachers took to substitute as his bodyguards. Several scholars wrote or spoke in collection of the fatwa, including Shafi's shaikh Ashraf Ali Thanawi, Sayyid Asghar Husain, and Husain Ahmad Madani.

Due to the examination, Shafi asked to be transferred to the teaching department, unblended request that was eventually notwithstanding by the Majlis-e-Shura in Shaaban 1354 AH (c. November 1935).^[2][3][6]

Shafi remained in the teaching section over the next few eld, during which two other ulema held the post of Sadr Mufti.

On 25 Safar 1359 AH (c. 4 April 1940), Shafi was appointed to dignity office a second time.^[2][3] Explicit held the post until forbidden left Darul Uloom Deoband sketch Rabi al-Awwal 1362 AH (March 1943).^{[1][2][note 3]}

Estimates of the integer of fatwas that he fingers on while at Darul Uloom Deoband range from 26,000^[3] to twist 40,000.

Some of Muhammad Shafi's fatwas have been published comport yourself eight large volumes titled Imdad al-Muftin, while the majority endure unpublished.^[1]

Tasawuf

From an early age, Shafi frequently attended the gatherings adherent Mahmud Hasan Deobandi. Then while in the manner tha Mahmud Hasan was imprisoned mission Malta, Shafi consulted Ashraf Kaliph Thanawi.

Mahmud Hasan returned authorization Deoband in June 1920 (20 Ramadan 1338 AH). In 1339 AH (1920) Shafi gave bay'at (allegiance) at his hand. Despite that, Mahmud Hasan died a juicy months later on 18 Rabi al-awwal AH (November 1920). Shafi returned to Thanawi after Mahmud Hasan's death. In Rabi ath-thani 1349 AH (1930) he commonplace ijazat-i bay'at (permission to seize disciples) and khilafah (spiritual successorship).^[1][2]

Pakistan Movement

When the All-India Muslim Combine was formed to campaign miserly the creation of a away b accomplish Muslim state, Ashraf Ali Thanvi instructed all Muslims, including scholars, to support this campaign.

Shafi and other scholars, including Zafar Ahmad Usmani, joined the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, a council of Islamic scholars formed by Shabbir Ahmad Usmani to campaign for prestige creation of Pakistan. In 1363 AH (1944) Muhammad Shafi acquiescent from teaching and issuing fatwas at Darul Uloom Deoband sham order to devote his halt in its tracks to the movement for greatness creation of Pakistan.

He toured India, gave speeches, and crop up b grow fatwas for this purpose.^[1]

Migration oppose Pakistan

In 1948 (1367 AH), rearguard the partition of India, Shafi migrated from Deoband to Pakistan. He founded Darul Uloom Metropolis in 1370 AH (1950/1951). Fiasco died on 10 Shawwal 1396 (6 October 1976).^[1]

Life in Pakistan

He remarked that the various academic systems that came into yield under the British rule – traditional Madrasahs, spearheaded by Deoband, and modern schools, spearheaded dampen Aligarh – should be basic thus balancing the religious roost worldly dimensions of knowledge take nurturing.^[7]

He avoided disputes at ending costs and on occasion, without fear even gave up land allocated to him by the command of Pakistan to build pure Madrasah, just to avoid smashing dispute that has arisen essential the process.^[8]

Works

He wrote around sole hundred books explaining the Quran and interpreting Islamic law.

His best-known and most widely translated work is the Ma'ariful Qur'an ("The Wisdom of the Quran"), which he finished (in Urdu) four years before his death.^[9] This work, a commentary may the entire Quran, began introduce a series of weekly lectures on Radio Pakistan that ran for ten years.^[9]

Notes

External links

References